摘要：<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">進(jìn)口不銹鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題</span> </span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的不銹鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國(guó)產(chǎn)兩種，國(guó)產(chǎn)材料，由于使用的是歐洲（</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ISO</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">）體系，用成分表示，比較直觀(guān)，不容易發(fā)生問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不銹鋼的一些需要注意的問(wèn)題： </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">1<span style="font-family:宋體;">、材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn) </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">現(xiàn)在，我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的進(jìn)口不銹鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有美國(guó)</span>ASME<span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以及日本</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">；經(jīng)常使用的牌號(hào)為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">316L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等。下面以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來(lái)說(shuō)明它們的表示方法：</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中材料，表示比較簡(jiǎn)單，就是</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">這樣表示；</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASME</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">及</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的表示有幾種：</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，實(shí)際上，中間加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">-</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">TP</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的意思是一樣的。我們提到前面有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的材料，其中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為后綴，表示含碳量較低；經(jīng)常可以看到的還有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，表示含碳量較高，主要使用在溫度較高的場(chǎng)合；另外常見(jiàn)的還有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，表示加元素</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，提高強(qiáng)度。有時(shí)候，我們還可以在后面見(jiàn)到：</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等后綴，這些后綴表示的是材料的表面狀態(tài)；</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋后，表面較好，達(dá)到鏡面要求的</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼板</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">；</span>2D<span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋后，表面一般的鋼板；</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋表面。 </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、關(guān)于材料的代用 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">在許多人心目中，材料</span>“<span style="font-family:宋體;">以高代低、以厚代薄</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是天經(jīng)地義的事情，不需要多管，實(shí)際上這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，下面我們以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：一般來(lái)看，</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有更低的含碳量，更好的耐腐蝕性，因此可以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料使用。確實(shí)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">滿(mǎn)足</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的要求，而且比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">更好，好像可以自動(dòng)替代</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，但從力學(xué)性能看，</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的強(qiáng)度比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">高，當(dāng)按</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">替代，就會(huì)造成強(qiáng)度不夠；另外，在我國(guó)壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">GB150-1998</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.1.6</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">條規(guī)定：奧氏體不銹鋼的使用溫度高于</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">525</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">℃</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">時(shí)，鋼中含碳量應(yīng)不小于</span>0.04%<span style="font-family:宋體;">。因此，認(rèn)為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">可以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，能不能使用與使用場(chǎng)合有關(guān)，而且按照容規(guī)規(guī)定，我們都沒(méi)有權(quán)進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，只有原設(shè)計(jì)部門(mén)才可以有權(quán)進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的工作。</span></span> </p>