摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼板材料的耐用性與使用壽命</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼*大的腐蝕問(wèn)題是點(diǎn)腐蝕特性。微蝕點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為表面銹蝕，一般被認(rèn)為對(duì)不銹鋼板材的美麗外觀與耐腐蝕性能有要求的應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)都是不可接受的。從大氣暴露測(cè)試程序收集的深度數(shù)據(jù)的分析來(lái)看可以用作不銹鋼板材料的耐久性指南參考要素。需要牢記的是，在點(diǎn)蝕形成穿孔之前，微點(diǎn)蝕的染色可能會(huì)在美觀上導(dǎo)致不銹鋼板材受到不利影響。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">影響不銹鋼板耐久性的因素主要有材質(zhì)、環(huán)境和材料的表面光潔度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在評(píng)估不銹鋼板材料發(fā)生點(diǎn)腐蝕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，氯離子含量是*需要考慮到的因素，因?yàn)槁入x子是具有侵蝕性的環(huán)境危害。海洋場(chǎng)地通常是*具侵蝕性的，因此在海洋環(huán)境中給出*低的預(yù)計(jì)耐久性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">此外還有個(gè)酸性條件，有時(shí)在工業(yè)化環(huán)境中發(fā)現(xiàn)，酸性環(huán)境也會(huì)具有明顯的侵略性的?？紤]當(dāng)?shù)匚夂虻挠绊懸部赡軙?huì)影響周圍環(huán)境對(duì)不銹鋼板材的侵蝕效果。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">估計(jì)腐蝕坑的滲透時(shí)間如下表所示。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">表中所示的點(diǎn)蝕壽命預(yù)測(cè)是基于線性坑生長(zhǎng)速率模型。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"><img width="565" height="141" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" /></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">海洋和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的樣品具有研磨表面，半工業(yè)地點(diǎn)的結(jié)果具有沉悶的拋光表面。</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼類型的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">穿孔時(shí)間和大多數(shù)建筑物的預(yù)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)壽命一致。需要注意的是，鐵素體</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">類型一般不用在建造外部應(yīng)用。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>