摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;">西安不銹鋼薄板焊接變形的控制辦法</span> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼在我國的使用量正逐年增加</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的使用量由</span><span>1988</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">年的</span><span>30</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">萬噸增加到</span><span>2000</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">年的</span><span>165</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">萬噸</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">年增長率為</span><span>15.26%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。而在不銹鋼的使用中以薄板為主</span><span>,2000</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">年薄板的消費(fèi)量為</span><span>91</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">萬噸</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">占到使用總量的一半。而且薄壁不銹鋼板也已經(jīng)應(yīng)用到國民生產(chǎn)和生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">食品加工行業(yè)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">主要制造食品加工機(jī)械</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">壓力容器行業(yè)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">主要是機(jī)電和化工部門</span><span>;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電力工業(yè)。另外還有一些其它行業(yè)</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">廚房設(shè)備、建筑裝潢、家用電器和汽車行業(yè)等。<span style="font-family:宋體;">西安不銹鋼薄板焊接變形的控制辦法，</span>在這些行業(yè)中</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的焊接是產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的一個(gè)重要工序</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接質(zhì)量的好壞直接決定產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。本文主要闡明如何從控制焊接變形以及控制焊接成本來從優(yōu)選取薄壁不銹鋼板焊接工藝及方法。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span> 西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼薄板的焊接性分析:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼薄板的焊接由于其自身拘束度小、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)小</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">約為普低鋼的</span><span>1/3),</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">線膨脹系數(shù)較大</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">當(dāng)焊接溫度變化較快時(shí)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">則產(chǎn)生的熱應(yīng)力大</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">很容易出現(xiàn)燒穿和焊接變形</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">大多為波浪變形</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等缺陷。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、焊接熔池受力狀:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔池主要受到的作用力有</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧作用力</span><span>P</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔池金屬重力</span><span>Q;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔池金屬表面張力</span><span>F</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。<span style="font-family:宋體;">西安不銹鋼薄板焊接變形的控制辦法，</span>當(dāng)熔池金屬體積、質(zhì)量、熔寬一定時(shí)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔池深度取決于電弧力</span><span>P</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的大小</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔深和電弧力又與焊接電相關(guān)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔寬則由電弧電壓決定。隨著熔池體積的增大</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表面張力</span><span>F</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">也隨著增大</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表面張力不能平衡電弧作用力</span><span>F</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">和熔池金屬重力</span><span>Q,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">此時(shí)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熔池金屬會(huì)下流</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">造成熔池?zé)?。電弧作用?lt;/span><span>P</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">和熔池金屬重力</span><span>Q</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是使熔池?zé)┑牧?lt;/span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表面張力</span><span>F</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是阻止熔池下塌或燒穿的力。為使薄板焊接不致于燒穿</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">必須想辦法提高金屬熔池的表面張力</span><span>F,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">要提高表面張力</span><span>F,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">須控制熔池的熱輸入</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">即線能量。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接工件的變形:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼薄板拘束度較小</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">在焊接過程中受到局部加熱、冷卻作用</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">形成了不均勻的加熱、冷卻</span><span>,<span style="font-family:宋體;">西安不銹鋼薄板焊接變形的控制辦法，</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊件會(huì)產(chǎn)生不均勻的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊縫的縱向縮短對(duì)薄板邊緣的壓力超過一定值時(shí)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">即會(huì)產(chǎn)生較嚴(yán)重的波浪式變形</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">影響工件的外形質(zhì)量。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、解決西安不銹鋼薄板焊接時(shí)產(chǎn)生的過燒、燒穿、變形、變色的主要措施有</span><span>:</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>(1)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">嚴(yán)格控制焊接接頭上的熱輸入量</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">選擇合適的焊接方法和工藝參數(shù)</span><span>(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">主要有焊接電流、電弧電壓、焊接速度</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>(2)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">裝配尺寸力求**</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">接口間隙盡量小。間隙稍大容易燒穿</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">或形成較大的焊瘤。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>(3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">必須采用精裝夾具</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">夾緊力平衡均勻。焊接不銹鋼薄板關(guān)鍵要注意</span><span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">嚴(yán)格控制焊接接頭上的線能量</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">力求在能完成焊接的前提下盡量減小熱量輸入</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">從而減小熱影響區(qū)</span><span>,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">避免上述缺陷的出現(xiàn)。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span>5</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、不銹鋼薄壁焊機(jī):</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">輸出電壓低</span><span>(5-20</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">伏</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">屬于阻焊電源</span><span>;(</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">舉例氬弧焊輸出電壓約</span><span>75</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">付左右</span><span>)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼薄壁焊機(jī)是電阻焊的范圍，特點(diǎn)是焊接時(shí)，可以根據(jù)板材厚度選擇合適的電流和脈沖時(shí)間，精準(zhǔn)的控制受熱溫度。<span style="font-family:宋體;">西安不銹鋼薄板焊接變形的控制辦法，</span>并且瞬間出弧瞬間熔化工件的。因而溫度不高，不會(huì)做成被焊工件的過熱或變形。&nbsp; </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">公司至成立以來，以“誠信、合作、雙贏、發(fā)展”為經(jīng)營宗旨，堅(jiān)持“價(jià)格**、用戶、信譽(yù)”的營銷理念，在市場(chǎng)上獲得了良好的口碑。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;"></span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family:宋體;"></span><span>029</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">—</span><span>88633755</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">詳情參考：</span><span><a href="http://www.wujinshu.com/">http://www.wujinshu.com</a></span> </p> </span> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;"></span>&nbsp; </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span></span> </p>